Beta-thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. This condition results in a shortage of hemoglobin, leading to anemia and various other health complications. Beta-thalassemia goes by several other names, including Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, and beta-thalassemia major. There are also different subtypes of beta-thalassemia, such as beta-thalassemia intermedia and beta-thalassemia minor. Despite the various names and subtypes, beta-thalassemia is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention and ongoing management to prevent complications and improve quality of life.